Comparison of four extractants used in soil phosphorus and potassium testing for two soils in a corn-wheat-soybean rotation in Tennessee receiving various amounts of P and K fertilizer
Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s) US Department of Agriculture; National Agricultural Library
Version: View help for Version V1
| Name | File Type | Size | Last Modified |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet | 42 KB | 06/26/2026 12:03:PM |
|
|
application/json | 28.7 KB | 06/27/2026 06:43:AM |
|
|
text/html | 17.1 KB | 06/26/2026 12:03:PM |
Project Citation:
US Department of Agriculture, and National Agricultural Library. Comparison of four extractants used in soil phosphorus and potassium testing for two soils in a corn-wheat-soybean rotation in Tennessee receiving various amounts of P and K fertilizer. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2026-06-27. https://doi.org/10.3886/E250427V1
Project Description
Project Title:
View help for Project Title
Comparison of four extractants used in soil phosphorus and potassium testing for two soils in a corn-wheat-soybean rotation in Tennessee receiving various amounts of P and K fertilizer
Summary:
View help for Summary
The soils used in this study are from University of Tennessee (UT)’s Research and Education Center at Milan (35.9, -88.73333) and UT’s Highland Rim Research and Education Center at Springfield (36.466667, -86.816667). The soil at Milan is a moderately well-drained Grenada silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fraglossudalfs) and the soil at Springfield is a well-drained Mountview silt loam (fine-silty, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Paleudults).
These soil samples are from field experiments initiated in 2009. There were two separate fertilizer rate trials at each location, one for P and one for K, and each was implemented in a corn-winter wheat-soybean rotation. Phosphorus trials received five P fertilizer rates (0, 29, 59, 88, and 118 kg P ha–1 yr–1) and an annual maintenance rate of 149 kg K ha–1 yr–1. The K trials received five K fertilizer rates (0, 47, 93, 139, and 186 kg K ha–1 yr–1) and an annual maintenance rate of 79 kg P ha–1 yr–1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in both trials according to University of Tennessee’s recommendations for corn and wheat. No synthetic N was applied for soybean. Sources of N, P, and K were ammonium nitrate, triple superphosphate, and muriate of potash, respectively. Fertilizers were broadcast between mid-December and early March. Nitrogen was applied at planting in April for corn and between mid-February and mid-March for wheat. The treatments were arranged in a Latin Square Design (five treatments with five replications) in the corn–winter wheat–soybean rotation. Plots were 4.6 by 9.1 m with a 1.5-m alley between them. No-tillage management was followed at both locations throughout the trial.
Soil samples were taken at the end of each crop year, from mid-December to as late as the end of February. The year associated with each soil value refers to the following or new crop year and should reflect the extractable P and K present before additional P and K fertilizer are applied for that new crop year (Savoy, 2013). Six, 0 to 15 cm depth soil cores (2.5 cm diameter) were randomly collected from each plot and composited. All soil samples were air-dried and ground to pass through a 2-mm sieve for analysis at the UT Soil, Plant and Pest Center (SPPC) in Nashville, TN. Mehlich-1 extraction (Mehlich, 1953) was also conducted at SPPC followed by determination of extractable P and K using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (5300 DV ICP-OES, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA). The remaining samples were transported to UT-Knoxville’s Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, where extractable P and K based on Mehlich-3 extraction (Zhang et al., 2014), Lancaster extraction (Oldham 2014), and Haney H3A extraction were conducted. The H3A extractant was prepared by combining 1.1 g malic acid, 0.7 g citric acid, and 0.45 g oxalic acid in 2 liters of water (personal communication with Richard Haney). Soil extraction was done by adding 40 ml of H3A to 4 g of soil, shaking for 10 minutes at 200 rpm, and filtering the extractant through 8 micron filter paper (Whatman 2V) into 50 ml plastic tubes. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (5300 DV ICP-OES, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA) was used for all analyses.
It is to be noted that similar data is reported for wheat and soybeans in 2015 because soil sampling was done only once during this double-cropping season.
The creation of this dataset was funded through University of Tennessee startup funds for the Jagadamma laboratory. The University of Tennessee is a land grant institution that receives NIFA funding through the USDA.
References:
Zhang, H., D.H. Hardy, R. Mylavarapu, and J.J. Wang. (2014). Mehlich-3. In: F.J. Sikora and K.P. Moore, editors, Soil test methods from the southeastern United States. Southern Coop. Ser. Bull. 419. Chapter 4.3. Clemson Univ. https://aesl.ces.uga.edu/sera6/PUB/MethodsManualFinalSERA6.pdf
Oldham, J.L. (2014). Lancaster. In: F.J. Sikora and K.P. Moore, editors, Soil test methods from the southeastern United States. Southern Coop. Ser. Bull. 419. Chapter 4.4. Clemson Univ. https://aesl.ces.uga.edu/sera6/PUB/MethodsManualFinalSERA6.pdf
Mehlich, A. (1953). Determination of P, Ca, Mg, K, Na and NH4 by North Carolina soil testing laboratories. University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC. https://www.ncagr.gov/agronomi/pdffiles/mehlich53.pdf
Savoy, H.J. (2013). Procedures used by state soil testing laboratories in the southern region of the United States. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 409. Clemson Experiment Station. https://aesl.ces.uga.edu/sera6/PUB/409June2013CUPDATE.pdf
Resources in this dataset:
Resource Title: Jagadamma and Savoy 2020 Data.File Name: Jagadamma and Savoy 2020 Data 7.13.20.xlsx
These soil samples are from field experiments initiated in 2009. There were two separate fertilizer rate trials at each location, one for P and one for K, and each was implemented in a corn-winter wheat-soybean rotation. Phosphorus trials received five P fertilizer rates (0, 29, 59, 88, and 118 kg P ha–1 yr–1) and an annual maintenance rate of 149 kg K ha–1 yr–1. The K trials received five K fertilizer rates (0, 47, 93, 139, and 186 kg K ha–1 yr–1) and an annual maintenance rate of 79 kg P ha–1 yr–1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in both trials according to University of Tennessee’s recommendations for corn and wheat. No synthetic N was applied for soybean. Sources of N, P, and K were ammonium nitrate, triple superphosphate, and muriate of potash, respectively. Fertilizers were broadcast between mid-December and early March. Nitrogen was applied at planting in April for corn and between mid-February and mid-March for wheat. The treatments were arranged in a Latin Square Design (five treatments with five replications) in the corn–winter wheat–soybean rotation. Plots were 4.6 by 9.1 m with a 1.5-m alley between them. No-tillage management was followed at both locations throughout the trial.
Soil samples were taken at the end of each crop year, from mid-December to as late as the end of February. The year associated with each soil value refers to the following or new crop year and should reflect the extractable P and K present before additional P and K fertilizer are applied for that new crop year (Savoy, 2013). Six, 0 to 15 cm depth soil cores (2.5 cm diameter) were randomly collected from each plot and composited. All soil samples were air-dried and ground to pass through a 2-mm sieve for analysis at the UT Soil, Plant and Pest Center (SPPC) in Nashville, TN. Mehlich-1 extraction (Mehlich, 1953) was also conducted at SPPC followed by determination of extractable P and K using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (5300 DV ICP-OES, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA). The remaining samples were transported to UT-Knoxville’s Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, where extractable P and K based on Mehlich-3 extraction (Zhang et al., 2014), Lancaster extraction (Oldham 2014), and Haney H3A extraction were conducted. The H3A extractant was prepared by combining 1.1 g malic acid, 0.7 g citric acid, and 0.45 g oxalic acid in 2 liters of water (personal communication with Richard Haney). Soil extraction was done by adding 40 ml of H3A to 4 g of soil, shaking for 10 minutes at 200 rpm, and filtering the extractant through 8 micron filter paper (Whatman 2V) into 50 ml plastic tubes. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (5300 DV ICP-OES, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA) was used for all analyses.
It is to be noted that similar data is reported for wheat and soybeans in 2015 because soil sampling was done only once during this double-cropping season.
The creation of this dataset was funded through University of Tennessee startup funds for the Jagadamma laboratory. The University of Tennessee is a land grant institution that receives NIFA funding through the USDA.
References:
Zhang, H., D.H. Hardy, R. Mylavarapu, and J.J. Wang. (2014). Mehlich-3. In: F.J. Sikora and K.P. Moore, editors, Soil test methods from the southeastern United States. Southern Coop. Ser. Bull. 419. Chapter 4.3. Clemson Univ. https://aesl.ces.uga.edu/sera6/PUB/MethodsManualFinalSERA6.pdf
Oldham, J.L. (2014). Lancaster. In: F.J. Sikora and K.P. Moore, editors, Soil test methods from the southeastern United States. Southern Coop. Ser. Bull. 419. Chapter 4.4. Clemson Univ. https://aesl.ces.uga.edu/sera6/PUB/MethodsManualFinalSERA6.pdf
Mehlich, A. (1953). Determination of P, Ca, Mg, K, Na and NH4 by North Carolina soil testing laboratories. University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC. https://www.ncagr.gov/agronomi/pdffiles/mehlich53.pdf
Savoy, H.J. (2013). Procedures used by state soil testing laboratories in the southern region of the United States. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 409. Clemson Experiment Station. https://aesl.ces.uga.edu/sera6/PUB/409June2013CUPDATE.pdf
Resources in this dataset:
Resource Title: Jagadamma and Savoy 2020 Data.File Name: Jagadamma and Savoy 2020 Data 7.13.20.xlsx
Original Distribution URL:
View help for Original Distribution URL
https://agdatacommons.nal.usda.gov/articles/dataset/Comparison_of_four_extractants_used_in_soil_phosphorus_and_potassium_testing_for_two_soils_in_a_corn-wheat-soybean_rotation_in_Tennessee_receiving_various_amounts_of_P_and_K_fertilizer/24665652
Scope of Project
Subject Terms:
View help for Subject Terms
soil potassium;
soil phosphorus;
soil fertility;
soil analysis methods
Geographic Coverage:
View help for Geographic Coverage
Tennessee
Time Period(s):
View help for Time Period(s)
12/15/2013 – 2/1/2016
Data Type(s):
View help for Data Type(s)
observational data
Collection Notes:
View help for Collection Notes
DOI: 10.15482/USDA.ADC/1519155
Citation: Jagadamma, Sindhu; Savoy, Hubert J. (2020). Comparison of four extractants used in soil phosphorus and potassium testing for two soils in a corn-wheat-soybean rotation in Tennessee receiving various amounts of P and K fertilizer. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1519155 (Downloaded 2026-06-26)
Related Publications
Published Versions
Report a Problem
Found a serious problem with the data, such as disclosure risk or copyrighted content? Let us know.
This material is distributed exactly as received from the data depositor. ICPSR has not reviewed, checked, or processed this material. For additional information about the study, please contact the investigator(s) directly. If you have questions about the accessibility of materials distributed by ICPSR or require further assistance, please visit ICPSR's Accessibility Center.