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Climate.gov Data Snapshots: Precipitation - Monthly Percent of Average

Principal Investigator(s): View help for Principal Investigator(s) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Name	File Type	Size	Last Modified
data			06/17/2025 09:06:PM
Climate_gov_ Data Snapshots.pdf	application/pdf	7.9 MB	06/17/2025 05:05:PM
Precipitation - Monthly Percent of Average _ NOAA Climate.gov.pdf	application/pdf	1.7 MB	06/17/2025 05:05:PM

Project Citation:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Climate.gov Data Snapshots: Precipitation - Monthly Percent of Average. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-06-19. https://doi.org/10.3886/E233226V1

Project Description

Project Title: Climate.gov Data Snapshots: Precipitation - Monthly Percent of Average

Summary:

Q: Was the month drier or wetter than usual?

A: Colors show where and by how much monthly precipitation totals differed from average precipitation for the same month from 1991-2020. Green areas were wetter than the 30-year average for the month and brown areas were drier. White and very light areas had monthly precipitation totals close to the long-term average.

Q: Where do these measurements come from?

A: Daily measurements of rain and snow come from weather stations in the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-D). Volunteer observers or automated instruments gather the data and submit them to the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). After scientists check the quality of the data to omit any systematic errors, they calculate each station’s monthly total and plot it on a 5x5 km gridded map. To fill in the grid at locations without stations, a computer program interpolates (or estimates) values, accounting for the distribution of stations and various physical relationships, such as the way temperature changes with elevation. The resulting product is the NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Gridded Dataset (NClimGrid). To calculate the percent of average precipitation values shown on these maps—also called precipitation anomalies—NCEI scientists take the total precipitation in each 5x5 km grid box for a single month and year, and divide it by its 1991-2020 average for the same month. Multiplying that number by 100 yields a percent of average precipitation. If the result is greater than 100%, the region was wetter than average. Less than 100% means the region was drier than usual.

Q: What do the colors mean?

A: Shades of brown show places where total precipitation was below the long-term average for the month. Areas shown in shades of green had more liquid water from rain and/or snow than they averaged from 1991 to 2020. The darker the shade of brown or green, the larger the difference from the average precipitation. White and very light areas show where precipitation totals were the same as or very close to the long-term average. Note that snowfall totals are reported as the amount of liquid water they produce upon melting. Thus, a 10-inch snowfall that melts to produce one inch of liquid water would be counted as one inch of precipitation.

Q: Why do these data matter?

A: Comparing an area’s recent precipitation to its long-term average can tell how wet or how dry the area is compared to usual. Knowing if an area is much drier or much wetter than usual can encourage people to pay close attention to on-the-ground conditions that affect daily life and decisions. People check maps like this to judge crop progress; monitor reservoir levels; consider if lawns and landscaping need water; and to understand the possibilities of flooding.

Q: How did you produce these snapshots?

A: Data Snapshots are derivatives of existing data products; to meet the needs of a broad audience, we present the source data in a simplified visual style. This set of snapshots is based on climate data (NClimGrid) produced by and available from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). To produce our images, we invoke a set of scripts that access the source data and represent them according to our selected color ramps on our base maps.

Additional information

The data used in these snapshots can be downloaded from different places and in different formats. We used these specific data sources: NClimGrid Total Precipitation
NClimGrid Precipitation Normals

References NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Gridded Dataset (NClimGrid)
NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Divisional Database (NClimDiv)
Improved Historical Temperature and Precipitation Time Series for U.S. Climate Divisions
NCEI Monthly National Analysis
Climate at a Glance - Data Information
NCEI Climate Monitoring - All Products

Source: https://www.climate.gov/maps-data/data-snapshots/data-source/precipitation-monthly-difference-averag...

This upload includes two additional files:
* Precipitation - Monthly Percent of Average _NOAA Climate.gov.pdf is a screenshot of the main Climate.gov site for these snapshots (https://www.climate.gov/maps-data/data-snapshots/data-source/precipitation-monthly-difference-averag...)
* Cimate_gov_ Data Snapshots.pdf is a screenshot of the data download page for the full-resolution files.

Original Distribution URL: https://www.climate.gov/data/Precipitation--Monthly--Percent-of-average--CONUS/

Scope of Project

Subject Terms: climate; climate change; precipitation

Geographic Coverage: United States

Time Period(s): 1/2000 – 5/2025 (Monthly images from 2000 to present)

Data Type(s): images: photographs, drawings, graphical representations

Collection Notes: Data is divided in to folders by image resolution -- full size (zip), small (png) and large (png). Occasionally there may be one image missing in a particular size but available in another size.

Data downloaded from climate.gov 6/17/2025.

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Published Versions

V2 [2025-06-23]

V1 [2025-06-19]

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