Climate.gov Data Snapshots: Temperature - US Monthly, Difference from Average

Principal Investigator(s):  View help for Principal Investigator(s) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Version:  View help for Version V2

Name File Type Size Last Modified
  data 06/24/2025 09:21:PM
Climate.gov_ Data Snapshots.pdf application/pdf 8.3 MB 06/21/2025 04:15:AM
Temperature - US Monthly, Difference from Average _ NOAA Climate.gov.pdf application/pdf 1.7 MB 06/21/2025 04:15:AM

Project Citation: 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Climate.gov Data Snapshots: Temperature - US Monthly, Difference from Average. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2025-06-24. https://doi.org/10.3886/E233741V2

Project Description

Project Title:  View help for Project Title Climate.gov Data Snapshots: Temperature - US Monthly, Difference from Average
Summary:  View help for Summary
Q: Was the month cooler or warmer than usual?

A: Colors show where and by how much the monthly average temperature differed from the month’s long-term average temperature from 1991-2020. Red areas were warmer than the 30-year average for the month, and blue areas were cooler. White and very light areas had temperatures close to the long-term average.

Q: Where do these measurements come from?

A: Daily temperature readings come from weather stations in the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-D). Volunteer observers or automated instruments collect the highest and lowest temperature of the day at each station over the entire month, and submit them to the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). After scientists check the quality of the data to omit any systematic errors, they calculate each station’s monthly average of daily mean temperatures, then plot it on a 5x5 km gridded map. To fill in the grid at locations without stations, a computer program interpolates (or estimates) values, accounting for the distribution of stations and various physical relationships, such as the way temperature changes with elevation. The resulting product is the NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Gridded Dataset (NClimGrid). To calculate the difference-from-average temperatures shown on these maps—also called temperature anomalies—NCEI scientists take the average temperature in each 5x5 km grid box for a single month and year, and subtract its 1991-2020 average for the same month. If the result is a positive number, the region was warmer than average. A negative result means the region was cooler than usual.

Q: What do the colors mean?

A: Shades of blue show places where average monthly temperatures were below their long-term average for the month. Areas shown in shades of pink to red had average temperatures that were warmer than usual. The darker the shade of red or blue, the larger the difference from the long-term average temperature. White and very light areas show where average monthly temperature was the same as or very close to the long-term average.

Q: Why do these data matter?

A: Comparing an area’s recent temperature to its long-term average can tell how warm or how cool the area is compared to usual. Temperature anomalies also give us a frame of reference to better compare locations. For example, two areas might have each had recent temperatures near 70°F, but 70°F could be above average for one location while below average for another. Knowing an area is much warmer or much cooler than usual can encourage people to pay close attention to on-the-ground conditions that affect daily life and decisions. People check maps like this to judge crop progress,  estimate energy use, consider snow and lake ice melt; and to understand impacts on wildfire regimes.

Q: How did you produce these snapshots?

A: Data Snapshots are derivatives of existing data products: to meet the needs of a broad audience, we present the source data in a simplified visual style. This set of snapshots is based on NClimGrid climate data produced by and available from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). To produce our images, we invoke a set of scripts that access the source data and represent them according to our selected color ramps on our base maps.

Q: Data Format Description

A: NetCDF (Version: 4)
Additional information
The data used in these snapshots can be downloaded from different places and in different formats. We used these specific data sources: NClimGrid Average Temperature
NClimGrid Temperature Normals

References


This upload includes two additional files:
*Temperature - US Monthly, Difference from Average _NOAA Climate.gov.pdf is a screenshot of the main Climate.gov site for these snapshots (https://www.climate.gov/maps-data/data-snapshots/data-source/temperature-us-monthly-difference-avera...)
* Cimate_gov_ Data Snapshots.pdf is a screenshot of the data download page for the full-resolution files. (https://www.climate.gov/data/Temperature--Monthly--Difference-from-average--CONUS/04-full_res_zips/)



Original Distribution URL:  View help for Original Distribution URL https://www.climate.gov/data/Temperature--Monthly--Difference-from-average--CONUS/

Scope of Project

Subject Terms:  View help for Subject Terms climate; climate change; temperature
Geographic Coverage:  View help for Geographic Coverage United States
Time Period(s):  View help for Time Period(s) 2000 – 2025 (Monthly images from 2000 to present)
Data Type(s):  View help for Data Type(s) images: photographs, drawings, graphical representations
Collection Notes:  View help for Collection Notes Data is divided in to folders by image resolution -- full size (zip), kml (zip), broadcast (png), small (png), and large (png). Occasionally there may be one image missing in a particular size but available in another size.

Data downloaded from climate.gov
full resolution files: 6/14/2025;
small, large, broadcast files: 6/21/2025



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V2 [2025-06-24]

V1 [2025-06-21]

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